![]() ![]() This is in part because robust analysis methods to diagnose axonal injury at the individual level have not yet been developed. ![]() Diffusion imaging has been widely used in TBI but is not routinely applied clinically. Diffusion tensor imaging provides a quantitative measure of axonal injury in vivo, with fractional anisotropy often used as a proxy for white matter damage. These do not accurately quantify axonal injury leading to misdiagnosis in a proportion of patients. Currently, axonal injury is diagnosed based on clinical presentation, visible damage to the white matter or via surrogate markers of axonal injury such as microbleeds. Diffuse axonal injury is important for outcomes, but its assessment remains limited in the clinical setting. Poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common yet remain difficult to predict. ![]()
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